Access Control System
What is Access Control System?
Access Control System is a system consisting of hardware and software that allows managing the entry and exit process from an integrated security point of view. The entry and exit control system can control many doors together at the same time, interact with cameras, and also control the entry of individuals while giving powers to enter individuals separately and also control the entry of cars where it can be linked to electronic gates and is used in electric elevators For facilities not to use the elevator for those not designated for them, and it has many other uses.
How Access Control Systems It Works?
The access control system is an electronic system which utilizes electronic keys (the tags) to release door locks. The tag, which can be carried by the user on their key ring, is presented in the Proximity of a reader, located adjacent to a door and communicates with that reader utilizing encoded radio waves.
There is no need for any contact between the Tag and the Reader. Once a tag is recognized by the reader, if it is authorized on that door, a signal is transmitted to release an electrically managed the door lock.
Each tag has a unique number stored on an electronic chip encased in plastic. There is no power source (battery) within the tag.
The reader on the door is powered, via the control unit. It emits radio waves via its antenna.
The tag also has an antenna which receives the radio waves from the reader. When the tag is within approximately 75mm of the transmitter, the power contained within the transmitted radio waves is sufficient to induce a small current in the chip contained in the tag. This current powers and operates the chip which is “programmed” to send an encrypted unique ID number back to the reader.
The reader sends this unique number back to the controller, which contains a digital decoder, memory and an IC (integrated circuit). The IC controls the operation and “decides” what to do with any information that the reader sends to it.
Via the decoder the unique identification number is extracted from the signal that the tag sent.
The controller compares the ID number against stored tag numbers that the administrator has already loaded to the unit. If the number received has been stored in the unit, and has been authorized to have access to that door at that time, the IC is programmed to send an electrical signal to unlock the lock. The duration of this signal is programmed by the administrator.
The signal sent by the control unit operates the electrical door lock which releases a physical stop on a door lock allowing it to be opened by the tag owner.
Instead of using a Tag, biometric information can be used, this is sent from the biometric reader to the controller in the same way as the Tag ID. This can be fingerprint, hand print, iris recognition or face recognition.
The Tag
Each user has a Tag which will be authorized on certain doors at specific times by the system administrator, The Reader – Is on the controlled side of the door (both sides if control is in and out). The Tag is presented in the proximity of the reader and, if authorized at that time on that door, the door lock will be opened.
The Controller
This is the core of the system, it stores all the authorization information, which it receives from a PC. When it receives a Tag ID from a reader, it release a door lock if that Tag is authorized at that door.
The Lock
This can be any electro-mechanical locking device
The reader
is an antenna which is hard wired to a control unit.
Benefits associated with modern access control solutions:
Strengthening the constraints of regions within the institution
No organization wants its employees or visitors to have full access to all areas of the organization and so access control solutions can be deployed and configured to assign access authorities, limiting access to individuals to only those who request it.
Reduce threats
The security method using physical keys to enter restricted areas is not effective in light of the current threats. Therefore, entry and exit control systems are the ideal solution to confronting threats to the organization. For example, identity badges, facial recognition and biometric readers are extremely difficult to copy without prior permission from Administration.
Increase Productivity
Most modern access control solutions are designed to control more than just doors and gates, they also have the ability to be configured to control high-speed barriers, turnstiles, automated fences and parking gates. For security, this is an access control that allows teams to work more efficiently with fewer personnel required to monitor.
In addition, by integrating access control in multiple areas of the facility, security operations are greatly improved as threats and unwanted visitors will be required to obtain permission at more than one entry point, increasing the likelihood that their presence will be detected on site.